Bake-oven.



No 742,424. PATENTED OCT. 27, 1903. M. HENNI'NGS.

BAKE OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 19, 1903.

N0 MODEL.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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No. 742,424. PATENTED 'poT. 27, 1903. M. HENNINGS.

BAKE OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 19, 1903.

N0 MODEL.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

W/ five-5555 m: umzms PETERS c0. wumm'mov, WASHINGYON. o. c.

UNITED STATES Patented October 21,1903.

PATENT OFFlCE.

BAKE-:OVEN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 74=2,424, dated. October 27, 1903;

Application filed March 19, 1903. Serial No. 148,466. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, MABIUS HENNINGS, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city and county of San Francisco, State of California, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bake-Ovens; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same.

The present invention relates to an improved construction of oven for use in connection with the baking of bread, or what is known as a bakers oven, the object of the invention being to cause the hot products of combustion to thoroughly envelop the bakingchamber and to be evenly distributed throughout the entire length thereof as conveyed from the fire-box to the stack or chimney for the oven, the purpose being to give a uniform temperature to the interior of the said baking-chamber, to provide means whereby a flash heat may be admitted to the interior of the baking-chamber for the purpose of ventilating the same or to remove moisture therefrom, and to so construct the oven that the heat will be maintained in the walls thereof for a longer period thanfin the ovens as at present constructed, thereby requiring less fuel to maintain the ovenat the proper degree of heat.

To comprehend the invention, reference should be had to the accompanying sheets of drawings, wherein- Figure 1 is a front view of the oven with its front wall partly broken away. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view in side elevation. Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view in elevation taken on line mm, Fig. 2, of the drawings. Fig. i is a horizontal sectional plan view taken on line on, Fig. 1, of the drawlngs.

ed the baking-chamber 6, which is formed by i the longitudinal side walls 7 7 and curved or arched top wall 8. These walls, likewise the 'floor 8, are formed of brick, there being injcorporated within the floor-wall 8 a layer or 'bed 9 of sand. The inner face of the oven- .wall 2, which forms the front of the bakingehamber, is made inwardly flared or inclined from the sides of the oven-mouth 4 toward ,the side or longitudinalwalls 7 7. The purpose of thus inclining the front of the baksing-chamber toward the mouth thereof is to. enable the loaves of bread as drawn from the oven to be directed to the mouth thereof. 7

Between the side walls of the baking-chamber and the side walls of the oven the longiitudinal flues 10 10 are formed, which fines are connected by means of a series of trans- ]verse fines 11. These lines extend throughout the depth of the oven, being formed by gthe partition walls or ribs 12, uniting the under the face of the bottom or floor wall 8' to the iupper face of the transverse division-wall 13. This transversedivision-wall 13 springs, iso to speak, from the side wall 3 and extends Ecrosswiseof the oven, a slight distance below &the floor of the baking-chamber, flush with ithe outer face of the side wall? of the baking-chamber.

. i The longitudinal flue 10 extends a slight ldistance below the opposite longitudinal flue 10, the bottom ofthe flue 10' being formed by Zthe transverse division-wall 13', extending ifrom the oven side wall This divisionwall extends to and connects with the top of ithe inner side wall 14 of the fire-chamber 14:. i The top wall of the fire-chamber 1a is formed by a series of longitudinal ribs 15, which leave Zthe hot products of combustion escape from fthe fire-chamberl. The end wall 1, front wall 2, and side wall The hot products of combustion escape into 16 correspond in construction with the trans- ;verse flues 11.

i The space existing between the divisionwall 13 and the bottom or floor 17 of the oven ia series of heat-openings 15,.through which ;the lower portion of the longitudinal side is filled with a bed 17 of sand or other suitable heat-retaining material.

Above the top wall 8 of the baking-chamber 6 is arranged the oven-roof 18, the shape of which conforms to that of the wall 8. This roof connects the side walls of the oven and is a slight distance above the top wall 8 of the baking chamber. The space existing between the wall 8 and the oven-roof 18 is divided by a series of transverse rib-walls 18 into a series of transverse fines 19, each of which connects with an upwardly-extending longitudinalescape-fine 20. Thisescape-fine communicates with stack 20. Above the oven-roof 18 is placed a bed 21 of sand or other suitable material.

The beds of sand located below the floor of the oven, between floor-wall of the bakingchamber and above the roof of the oven, serve to retain the heat for a longer period than solid walls of masonry.

The hot products of combustion pass from the fire-box into the side fine 10 through the series of connecting transverse fines 16, thence passing or traveling beneath the floor S of the baking-oven through the transverse fines l1 and entering the longitudinal flue 10. From this fine the products of combustion are conveyed above the top wall 8 of the bakingchamber into the outlet or escape fine 20 through the series of transverse fines 19.

By the described construction the bakingoven is enveloped by the hot products of combustion, the same being evenly and uniformly distributed throughout the length of the heatcirculating transverse fines. The bakingchamber is thus maintained at an even or uniform temperature throughout.

At times it is required that a flash heat be admitted to the interior of the bakingchamber 6, the purpose of which is to dry or clean the same of steam or moisture which may have accumulated therein or to ventilate the said baking-chamber to remove from the same any odor that may remain after baking. This ventilating or fiash heating is permitted by means of an inlet-damper 21, which controls an inlet-opening 22, establishing communication between the side fine 10' and the interior of the baking-chamber. An outletopening 22 is formed in the opposite side wall 7 of the baking-chamber, which opening establishes communication with the longitudinal fiue 10. This opening is controlled by a damper 23. These dampers are operated from the outside of the oven by means of the damper-rods 23 23 The opening of damper 21 and damper 23 permits a quantity of heat to suddenly enter the baking-chamber and to make its escape therefrom.

To protect the oven from outside moisture or from becoming chilled, an exterior wall 24 may be constructed alongside the side and end walls of the oven, so as to leave a circulating-space a therebetween. This wall is closed at its top, bottom, and front and is attached to the side and rear or end wall of the oven by anchors'24. A layer of asbestos 25 is inserted against the outer side face of the ovenwalls to provide against moisture penetrating the oven-walls.

The essential feature of the present invention resides in the separation of the bakingchamber from the oven-walls by means of longitudinal fines, one of which fines is connected to the fire-box by a series of transversely-arranged distributing-fiues, and the said connected longitudinal flue communicating with the opposite longitudinal fine by a series of distributed fines arranged below the bakingchamber,the said longitudinalfine with which the mentioned transversely-arranged flues connect being in turn connected with an escape-fine by means of aseries of transverselyarranged heat-distribntingfiues located above the baking-chamber, whereby the bakingchamber is enveloped by the heat-distributing fines, so as to'impart a. uniform temperature to the interior of the baking-chamber throughout its length.

For an inspection of the interior of the baking-chamber a cover sight-opening 26 is provided at one side of the door 5, while to note the temperature of the interior of the said bakingchamber a thermometer 26 is arranged in a front wall of the oven at the opposite side of the door 5 to that at which the sight-opening is located.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new, and desired to be protected by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination with a bake-oven, of a baking-chamber arranged therein, side fines extending the length of the baking-chamber and separating the side walls thereof from the side walls of the oven, a fire-box within the oven, a series of longitudinal fines communicating with the fire box immediately above the same, communication between said longitudinal fines and one of the side fines, said side fine connecting with the opposing side fine by a series of transverse fines arranged below the baking-chamber, and a series of transversely arranged distributingfines connecting the last-mentioned side flue with an outlet-fine for the heat, said transversely-arranged connecting-fines being located immediately above the baking-chamher.

2. The combination with a bake-oven, of a baking-chamber located therein, verticallydisposed longitudinal side fines extending the length of the baking-chamber, a fire-box within the oven, a series of longitudinal fines communicating with the fire-box immediately above the same, a series of transversely-arranged fines forming connection between the last-mentioned longitudinal fines and one of the side fines, communication between said fine and the opposing side fine, and communication between said last-mentioned side fine and an outlet-fiue for the hot products of combustion, the communicating passages conveying the products of combustion from one side of fines connecting the last-mentioned side fine with an outlet-flue for the hot products of combustion, openings establishing communications between the interior of the baking chamber and the side fines, and means operated from the outside of the oven for controlling the openings between the side fines and the interior of the baking-chamber.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

MARIUS HENNIN GS.

Witnesses:

N. A. ACKER, WALTER F. VANE. 

